Back Volunteer Code of Conduct Suggested code of conduct for university study abroad programs... coming soon!

Back ​ EVAT In 2022 & 2023, I co-produced the Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism Conference with Jes Hooper of The Civet Project. EVAT is an international forum that brings together early career researchers, artists, activists, and professionals from less represented demographics, and those from a wide span of academic and creative fields. It is an inclusive platform to discuss the many ways that tourism impacts animal lives around the world. For more information on EVAT go to: www.animalsintourism.com/ ​ EVAT Information The Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism (EVAT) conference is an interdisciplinary collaboration merging research from anthrozoological and multi-species scholarship, with critical tourism studies and animal ethics to bring together researchers across disciplines with an interest in advocating for animals in touristic contexts. ​ Through scholarly research, collective problem solving, and ethical enquiry, we strengthen the bridge between "tourism academia" and "non-tourism academia". Specifically, we highlight fresh perspectives, emerging methodologies and innovative collaborative praxis to explore the role of animals in tourism whilst critically working towards more ethical human-animal interactions within the tourism and leisure space.

Back Best Practices Best practices in animal based tourism The tourism industry is full of examples where animals comprise the focus or a key part of the experience. At its basest form, animal-based tourism (ABT) experiences are solely created to make money. At its highest form, ABT can lead to further understanding of “the other,” including the tour operator, non-human animals, and the cultural context, which can lead to changed attitudes or behaviors, social bonding across cultures and species, and a deeper love for the natural world. Best practices in ABT are very similar to best practices in all sustainable tourism ventures with an added caveat that operators are responsible for the care of specific and individual animals and/or groups of animals, versus all animals included broadly within an ecosystem. ABT can be consumptive, whereby animals are killed and their body parts are used, or non-consumptive. A 2015 study examining wildlife tourism attractions divided them into four categories: wildlife-watching tourism, captive-wildlife tourism, hunting tourism, and fishing tourism (Moorhouse, Dahlsjö, Baker, D'Cruze, and Macdonald, 2015). This categorization would presumably not include ABT with tamed animals such as dogs, llamas, donkeys, yak and other animals that have been “domesticated” for human use such as the transportation of people or goods, or for entertainment and recreation such as dog racing, cockfighting, bull fighting, or rodeos (Responsible Travel, n.d.). Likewise, it does not include animals raised for the sole purpose of being food, or animals killed to turn their body parts into souvenirs. And finally, aquatic animals of all types seem to be excluded from many ABT discussions. The same 2015 study mentioned above found that 80% of attending tourists to wildlife-watching experiences did not recognize and/or respond to signs of negative animal welfare. In the cases where animals are “front and center” in the supply chain, the animal’s welfare must be the utmost imperative for operators, and should be demanded by visitors. In the cases where animals are not visible and sporadically or minimally visible, the tourist should still be a savvy and responsible consumer of ABT experiences. Best practices for the visitor Research, research, research… There are dozens and dozens of organizations that strive to educate the traveling public, monitor operators, and develop policy toward creating better ABT. A solid hour of research on the web would make a traveler much more informed about the potential issues of virtually any destination. For example, the organization World Animal Protection puts out a list of “Elephant-friendly travel companies.” The International Fund for Animal Welfare has information on the best and worst countries for banning animals in circuses. The Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries provides certification for animal sanctuaries, rescue centers, and rehabilitation centers. Tourism Concern has an Ethical Tour Operators Group, and The Brooke (n.d.) have a code for responsible travel with horses and other equids …these are just a few examples of the many resources that exist. Think about the supply chain. How did that animal get to be a part of the ABT experience? Could he/she have been plucked from the wild in order to become part of this attraction? Often, smaller animals are easier to transport, therefore sometimes other members of the family are killed in order to more easily capture the offspring. Injuries and death of animals occur during transportation, as well. In doing the research ahead, and thinking about the supply chain, you can avoid unethical facilities and businesses. Follow the money. While you are doing your research, see if you can figure out if the revenue from the ABT benefits the community or conservation goals in general. Restrain from getting a selfie. The organization World Animal Protection notes “If you can ride it, hug it or have a selfie with the wild animal, the chances are it’s a cruel venue.” Animal selfies, while a hit on social media, can be extremely stressful for the animal. Wildlife selfie safaris are on the rise. National Geographic has done a wonderful job tackling this topic, and since late 2017 Instagram has acted responsibly by inserting pop-up warnings about potential hazards to wildlife (Daly, 2017). Whenever someone searches or clicks on a hashtag like “#tigerselfie,” the pop-up message tells the user that they are searching for a hashtag that may be associated with posts that encourage harmful behavior to animals or the environment. Report suffering. There are places where animal suffering can be reported, including Born Free’s website: https://www.bornfree.org.uk/report-animal-suffering Give back to animals. If you are going to volunteer at a shelter, sanctuary, or rehabilitation facility while you travel, make sure the facility, and the tourism operators that connect you with them, are reputable. Animal Experiences International is transparent in how they approach social responsibility and how visitors should approach ethical travel (see more at https://www.animalexperienceinternational.com/serious-1/). Additionally, reflect on your motives for volunteering to help animals to make sure the priority is providing aid and not for status reasons or to add to your resume. Some animal sanctuaries are overwhelmed with volunteers and media attention, to the detriment of other parks that may need help more, or where conditions aren’t as favorable to the animals (Taylor, 2018). ​ Best practices in ABT for the operator Invest in quality interpretation. All conservation-based attractions need quality interpretation to impart influential messages to visitors about the value of the resources in question. Particularly if the resource is a sentient being, or group of sentient beings, care must be taken to present accurate and representative knowledge. Knowledge can come in many forms, and can be imparted in many ways as well. By investing in the what, who, why, and how of interpretation, you will be maximizing your intended conservation goals. One resource in the United States is the National Association for Interpretation. Invest in staff training. Not all employees are alike. Make sure that your staff not only are equipped with the proper training to interact with visitors, but understand the inherent value of the sentient beings in your care. Refresher workshops on how to interact with wildlife is critical to their understanding of wildlife instinct and behavior, as well as their own welfare, and the welfare of the animal. Leave human behavior to humans. Animals should never be “trained” to ride bicycles, smoke cigarettes, dance, jump through hoops, or move in some way that is not innate to the species. Join the experts. Just like visitors should do their research, operators also have a host of organizations to turn to, learn from, and join. Becoming a member of a reputable group, or becoming certified by them, demonstrates that you adhere to the ABT-related standards set out by that organization; find the one that best matches your tourism sector (e.g. tour operator, attraction management, transportation, lodging, marketing, etc.). Note that many organizations are still “catching up” when it comes to recommended ethical standards or codes, so align with an organization that has considered these matters deeply. As Fennell (2014) notes, even the United Nations World Tourism Organization’s Global Code of Ethics sets forth its ideal protocols from an anthropomorphic perspective. Ensure the five freedoms. It goes without saying that attending to the five freedoms is the minimal standard of care: freedom from hunger and thirst; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury and disease; freedom to behave normally; and freedom from fear and distress. Don’t use animals. A live animal is wonderful to see up close…for the human. Are there ways of getting the information across without having a captive animal in front of an audience? Are there animal substitutes that could be made? For example, some circuses are only displaying human feats of entertainment, or providing life sized animal “puppets” to amuse audiences. If your attraction is conservation-based, are there other ways of exposing visitors to an ABT at a distance and in the animal’s natural habitat? ​ Sources ​ Animal Experiences International (n.d.). Serious. Retrieved from https://www.animalexperienceinternational.com/serious-1/ Born Free Foundation. (n.d.). Captive Animals. Retrieved from https://www.bornfree.org.uk/captive-animals The Brooke (n.d.). Responsible Use of Animals in Tourism. Retrieved from https://www.thebrooke.org/get-involved/responsible-use-animals-tourism Daly, N. (2017). Exclusive: Instagram Fights Animal Abuse With New Alert System. National Geographic. Retrieved from https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/12/wildlife-watch-instagram-selfie-tourism-animal-welfare-crime/ Fennell, D. A. (2014). Exploring the boundaries of a new moral order for tourism's global code of ethics: an opinion piece on the position of animals in the tourism industry. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(7), 983-996. Moorhouse TP, Dahlsjö CAL, Baker SE, D'Cruze NC, Macdonald DW (2015). The Customer Isn't Always Right—Conservation and Animal Welfare Implications of the Increasing Demand for Wildlife Tourism. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0138939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138939 Responsible Travel. Our Stance on Captive Animals, Animal Welfare, & Tourism. Retrieved from https://www.responsiblevacation.com/copy/animal-welfare-issues-in-tourism Taylor, M. (2018). Elephant-based Volunteer Tourism: An exploration of participant experiences and reflections on captive elephant welfare in Thailand (Master's thesis, University of Waterloo). Tourism Concern. (2017). Animals in Tourism [Research Briefing]. Retrieved from https://www.tourismconcern.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Animals-in-Tourism-lWeb-FINAL.pdf. World Animal Protection. (n.d.). Wildlife, Not Entertainers. Retrieved from https://www.worldanimalprotection.us.org/wildlife-not-entertainers/what-you-can-do

Back Animals, Tourism and Sustainability Animals, Tourism, and Sustainability would be a critical course in preparing students for the vast and complicated mechanisms, morals, and ethics of sustainably operating an environmental attraction or experience concerning animal and environmental welfare. The aim of this class is to cultivate awareness on ethical and sustainability issues related to the use of animals within the context of tourism. The class is designed to encompass international perspectives and will provide a mix of theoretical and applied knowledge, as well as case studies. Animal welfare within the tourism industry was illuminated in 2012 with Fennell’s book Tourism and Animal Ethics. Additionally, a growing body exists within peer-reviewed journals, however the majority of these published works address the topics of zoos, marine animals in tourism (the majority on whale-watching), with lesser attention paid to elephants and primates. For example, the specific issue of animals as food for tourists has to date been neglected. This class will integrate topics previously independent: animals and tourism, animals and sustainability, and sustainable tourism.

22 items found for "" UPLIFT | Mysite UPLIFT NC Uplift is a comprehensive support program for rural communities who wish to enhance their existing tourism industry offerings, as well as develop new and innovative experiences. As part of the Naturescapes portfolio of services, UPLIFT is designed to provide a menu of programs for community members to opt into while also targeting specific local needs and priorities. For a look at the UPLIFT North Carolina program see here . UPLIFT Services UPLIFT services cover a range of industry sectors, and welcomes all members of the community to participate in and benefit from tourism. Be sure to check out our latest podcast episodes about North Carolina tourism behind the scenes! Listen Here RESEARCH | Mysite Summary of Research Interests My research interests are summarized in two big buckets. Earlier in my career, I focused on many aspects of rural tourism: the types of conditions that support entrepreneurs in their success, various of tourism products and markets and destination marketing strategies. Since 2015, I’ve been focusing solely on animals in tourism. There is no topic off the table, from eating animals, to riding them, to captive entertainment, to selfies, and ambassador animals, and many other topics. I currently find myself in the fortunate position of being able to work with younger and newer scholars who share this same passion. Rural Tourism Here you will find select publications on various rural tourism topics. Read More Animals in Tourism Animals, animals, animals! Check here for my latest projects ABOUT | Mysite STRIVING FOR A MULTISPECIES WORLD VIEW CV BIO ​Carol Kline is a Professor and the Director of the Hospitality and Tourism Management program at Appalachian State University. She founded the NC Tourism Extension Program in 2000 and has worked with rural communities in NC and beyond for over 20 years. Her research interests have historically focused on topics relevant to rural communities, such as foodie segmentation, craft beverages, agritourism, cultural and heritage tourism, ecotourism, & tourism entrepreneurship, however, now it solely focuses on animal ethics and animal welfare. Capacity Building | Mysite Back Throughout her career, Carol has been engaged in a number of capacity building programs. Initially, she worked for the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service where she founded NC Tourism Extension in 2000. She also partnered with The Conservation Fund Resourceful Communities Program, Handmade in America, Recreation Resources Service, and various destination marketing organizations working throughout NC’s 85 rural counties. While at East Carolina University (2010-2014), she was apart of the Talent Enhancement and Capacity Building program led by Mr. Kenny Flowers. Recently, the Rural Community Capacity program (RC2) was initiated at AppState based on the work that Kenny and Carol did at ECU. From 2022-2024 the RC2 program served over 50 rural communities all over the state. RC2 is a set of principles that can be applied to any cultural or geographical contexts including international locales. Capacity building is defined as developing skills and confidence to tackle local problems. Tough issues require an internal and external perspective and multidisciplinary approaches. Capacity building is simply sorting through all of the tools in the toolbox to support local visions. The UPLIFT program, which is designed to support community driven initiatives, began in 2022. Over the course of three years, UPLIFT is serving many rural communities in North Carolina by supporting the local vision for tourism development. Programs have included festival trainings, tourism incubator, grant and loan assistance, webinars on a variety of topics, PR support, and targeted initiatives for destination marketing organizations. For more details about this go to www.uplifttourism.com . Soon the UPLIFT program will be expanding to other states and destinations. Please contact us for more information and/or Carol to conduct workshops in your community/organization. Capacity Building TEACHING | Mysite DR. CAROL KLINE Carol is a Professor and the Director of the Hospitality & Tourism Management program at Appalachian State University. Some of the classes she teaches are Sustainable Tourism, Destination Management, Attraction Management, and International Tourism. Her course, Animals, Tourism, and Sustainability, is the only course in the United States dedicated to animal based tourism. Carol believes that students should engage with the industry as much as possible through internships, seasonal employment, and industry meetings. Her students have engaged in practical projects while working with a number of partners (e.g. hotels, community events, trade associations) both inside and outside of the classroom. Carol is a strong advocate for traveling and studying abroad - and strives to bring international issues into the curriculum - so that her students can be good global citizens. She’s proud to be on the faculty of the Walker College of Business since 2014. Prior to that she worked at East Carolina University, North Carolina Central University, and North Carolina State University - where she earned her MS and PhD. STUDY ABROAD Animals, Tourism, & Sustainability (Ongoing) Sustainable Tourism Across Norway 2025 Animal-based Voluntourism in Costa Rica 2019 Climate Change in the French Alps: Voluntourism Approaches 2017 Ecotourism in Ecuador 2015 Cuba at a Crossroads: Tourism Amid Political Change 2012 & 2013 Landscapes in Ecotourism, Ghana West Africa 2005-2008 ANIMAL WORK | Mysite Animal Work My animal work was the result of a very productive midlife crisis. While I have always enjoyed most parts of my job, I realized that something was missing. I turned my focus toward my true love of animals. Animal Research Check here for my latest projects Animals, animals, animals! Partners Read More Media & Features Read More Fanimal Read More Volunteer Code of Conduct Read More Best Practices Read More Rare to Reckless Read More Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism Read More Animal Tourism & Sustainability Read More Speaking Read More Best Practices | Mysite Back Best Practices Best practices in animal based tourism The tourism industry is full of examples where animals comprise the focus or a key part of the experience. At its basest form, animal-based tourism (ABT) experiences are solely created to make money. At its highest form, ABT can lead to further understanding of “the other,” including the tour operator, non-human animals, and the cultural context, which can lead to changed attitudes or behaviors, social bonding across cultures and species, and a deeper love for the natural world. Best practices in ABT are very similar to best practices in all sustainable tourism ventures with an added caveat that operators are responsible for the care of specific and individual animals and/or groups of animals, versus all animals included broadly within an ecosystem. ABT can be consumptive, whereby animals are killed and their body parts are used, or non-consumptive. A 2015 study examining wildlife tourism attractions divided them into four categories: wildlife-watching tourism, captive-wildlife tourism, hunting tourism, and fishing tourism (Moorhouse, Dahlsjö, Baker, D'Cruze, and Macdonald, 2015). This categorization would presumably not include ABT with tamed animals such as dogs, llamas, donkeys, yak and other animals that have been “domesticated” for human use such as the transportation of people or goods, or for entertainment and recreation such as dog racing, cockfighting, bull fighting, or rodeos (Responsible Travel, n.d.). Likewise, it does not include animals raised for the sole purpose of being food, or animals killed to turn their body parts into souvenirs. And finally, aquatic animals of all types seem to be excluded from many ABT discussions. The same 2015 study mentioned above found that 80% of attending tourists to wildlife-watching experiences did not recognize and/or respond to signs of negative animal welfare. In the cases where animals are “front and center” in the supply chain, the animal’s welfare must be the utmost imperative for operators, and should be demanded by visitors. In the cases where animals are not visible and sporadically or minimally visible, the tourist should still be a savvy and responsible consumer of ABT experiences. Best practices for the visitor Research, research, research… There are dozens and dozens of organizations that strive to educate the traveling public, monitor operators, and develop policy toward creating better ABT. A solid hour of research on the web would make a traveler much more informed about the potential issues of virtually any destination. For example, the organization World Animal Protection puts out a list of “Elephant-friendly travel companies.” The International Fund for Animal Welfare has information on the best and worst countries for banning animals in circuses. The Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries provides certification for animal sanctuaries, rescue centers, and rehabilitation centers. Tourism Concern has an Ethical Tour Operators Group, and The Brooke (n.d.) have a code for responsible travel with horses and other equids …these are just a few examples of the many resources that exist. Think about the supply chain. How did that animal get to be a part of the ABT experience? Could he/she have been plucked from the wild in order to become part of this attraction? Often, smaller animals are easier to transport, therefore sometimes other members of the family are killed in order to more easily capture the offspring. Injuries and death of animals occur during transportation, as well. In doing the research ahead, and thinking about the supply chain, you can avoid unethical facilities and businesses. Follow the money. While you are doing your research, see if you can figure out if the revenue from the ABT benefits the community or conservation goals in general. Restrain from getting a selfie. The organization World Animal Protection notes “If you can ride it, hug it or have a selfie with the wild animal, the chances are it’s a cruel venue.” Animal selfies, while a hit on social media, can be extremely stressful for the animal. Wildlife selfie safaris are on the rise. National Geographic has done a wonderful job tackling this topic, and since late 2017 Instagram has acted responsibly by inserting pop-up warnings about potential hazards to wildlife (Daly, 2017). Whenever someone searches or clicks on a hashtag like “#tigerselfie,” the pop-up message tells the user that they are searching for a hashtag that may be associated with posts that encourage harmful behavior to animals or the environment. Report suffering. There are places where animal suffering can be reported, including Born Free’s website: https://www.bornfree.org.uk/report-animal-suffering Give back to animals. If you are going to volunteer at a shelter, sanctuary, or rehabilitation facility while you travel, make sure the facility, and the tourism operators that connect you with them, are reputable. Animal Experiences International is transparent in how they approach social responsibility and how visitors should approach ethical travel (see more at https://www.animalexperienceinternational.com/serious-1/). Additionally, reflect on your motives for volunteering to help animals to make sure the priority is providing aid and not for status reasons or to add to your resume. Some animal sanctuaries are overwhelmed with volunteers and media attention, to the detriment of other parks that may need help more, or where conditions aren’t as favorable to the animals (Taylor, 2018). ​ Best practices in ABT for the operator Invest in quality interpretation. All conservation-based attractions need quality interpretation to impart influential messages to visitors about the value of the resources in question. Particularly if the resource is a sentient being, or group of sentient beings, care must be taken to present accurate and representative knowledge. Knowledge can come in many forms, and can be imparted in many ways as well. By investing in the what, who, why, and how of interpretation, you will be maximizing your intended conservation goals. One resource in the United States is the National Association for Interpretation. Invest in staff training. Not all employees are alike. Make sure that your staff not only are equipped with the proper training to interact with visitors, but understand the inherent value of the sentient beings in your care. Refresher workshops on how to interact with wildlife is critical to their understanding of wildlife instinct and behavior, as well as their own welfare, and the welfare of the animal. Leave human behavior to humans. Animals should never be “trained” to ride bicycles, smoke cigarettes, dance, jump through hoops, or move in some way that is not innate to the species. Join the experts. Just like visitors should do their research, operators also have a host of organizations to turn to, learn from, and join. Becoming a member of a reputable group, or becoming certified by them, demonstrates that you adhere to the ABT-related standards set out by that organization; find the one that best matches your tourism sector (e.g. tour operator, attraction management, transportation, lodging, marketing, etc.). Note that many organizations are still “catching up” when it comes to recommended ethical standards or codes, so align with an organization that has considered these matters deeply. As Fennell (2014) notes, even the United Nations World Tourism Organization’s Global Code of Ethics sets forth its ideal protocols from an anthropomorphic perspective. Ensure the five freedoms. It goes without saying that attending to the five freedoms is the minimal standard of care: freedom from hunger and thirst; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury and disease; freedom to behave normally; and freedom from fear and distress. Don’t use animals. A live animal is wonderful to see up close…for the human. Are there ways of getting the information across without having a captive animal in front of an audience? Are there animal substitutes that could be made? For example, some circuses are only displaying human feats of entertainment, or providing life sized animal “puppets” to amuse audiences. If your attraction is conservation-based, are there other ways of exposing visitors to an ABT at a distance and in the animal’s natural habitat? ​ Sources ​ Animal Experiences International (n.d.). Serious. Retrieved from https://www.animalexperienceinternational.com/serious-1/ Born Free Foundation. (n.d.). Captive Animals. Retrieved from https://www.bornfree.org.uk/captive-animals The Brooke (n.d.). Responsible Use of Animals in Tourism. Retrieved from https://www.thebrooke.org/get-involved/responsible-use-animals-tourism Daly, N. (2017). Exclusive: Instagram Fights Animal Abuse With New Alert System. National Geographic. Retrieved from https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/12/wildlife-watch-instagram-selfie-tourism-animal-welfare-crime/ Fennell, D. A. (2014). Exploring the boundaries of a new moral order for tourism's global code of ethics: an opinion piece on the position of animals in the tourism industry. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(7), 983-996. Moorhouse TP, Dahlsjö CAL, Baker SE, D'Cruze NC, Macdonald DW (2015). The Customer Isn't Always Right—Conservation and Animal Welfare Implications of the Increasing Demand for Wildlife Tourism. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0138939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138939 Responsible Travel. Our Stance on Captive Animals, Animal Welfare, & Tourism. Retrieved from https://www.responsiblevacation.com/copy/animal-welfare-issues-in-tourism Taylor, M. (2018). Elephant-based Volunteer Tourism: An exploration of participant experiences and reflections on captive elephant welfare in Thailand (Master's thesis, University of Waterloo). Tourism Concern. (2017). Animals in Tourism [Research Briefing]. Retrieved from https://www.tourismconcern.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Animals-in-Tourism-lWeb-FINAL.pdf. World Animal Protection. (n.d.). Wildlife, Not Entertainers. Retrieved from https://www.worldanimalprotection.us.org/wildlife-not-entertainers/what-you-can-do EVAT | Mysite Back ​ EVAT In 2022 & 2023, Carol co-produced the Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism Conference with Jes Hooper of The Civet Project. EVAT is an international forum that brings together early career researchers, artists, activists, and professionals from less represented demographics, and those from a wide span of academic and creative fields. It is an inclusive platform to discuss the many ways that tourism impacts animal lives around the world. For more information on EVAT go to: www.animalsintourism.com/ ​ EVAT Information The Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism (EVAT) conference is an interdisciplinary collaboration merging research from anthrozoological and multi-species scholarship, with critical tourism studies and animal ethics to bring together researchers across disciplines with an interest in advocating for animals in touristic contexts. ​ Through scholarly research, collective problem solving, and ethical enquiry, we strengthen the bridge between "tourism academia" and "non-tourism academia". Specifically, we highlight fresh perspectives, emerging methodologies and innovative collaborative praxis to explore the role of animals in tourism whilst critically working towards more ethical human-animal interactions within the tourism and leisure space. Code of Conduct | Mysite Back Volunteer Code of Conduct Suggested code of conduct for university study abroad programs... coming soon! Animals in Tourism | Mysite Back Animals in Tourism Research In addition to the following journal publications, below are several books I have edited or contributed to. Journal Publications Fennell, D., Kline, C. et al. (2024). Vacant Niche. Current Issues in Tourism. Kline, C., Hoarau-Heemstra, H., & Cavaliere, C. (2022). Wildlife Equity Theory for Multispecies Tourism Justice. Journal of Travel Research. Hoarau-Heemstra, H. & Kline, C. (2022). Making kin and making sense of human-animal relations in tourism. Ecological Economics. Kline, C., & Fischer, B. (2021). Morality on holiday: inspiring ethical behaviour in animal-based tourism through nonmoral values. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-12. ​ Hoarau, H., & Kline, C. (2014). Science and industry: Sharing knowledge for innovation. Annals of Tourism Research, 46, 44-61. Books & Book Chapters Hooper, J. & Kline, C. (Eds.) (2024). Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism. CABI: Oxford. López-López, Á., Venegas, G. J. Q., & Kline, C. (Eds.). (2023). Tourism, heritage and commodification of non-human animals: a post-humanist reflection. CABI: Oxford. Kline, C. (2023). Centering Animals within Rural Tourism [invited chapter]. In H. Mair (Ed.) Handbook on Tourism and Rural Community Development. Surrey, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Kline, C. (2021). Socialising animal-based tourism [invited chapter]. In Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Doering, A., & Bigby, B. C. (Eds.). Socialising Tourism: Rethinking Tourism for Social and Ecological Justice. (pp. 195-213). Routledge. Rickly, J. M., & Kline, C. (Eds.). (2021). Exploring non-human work in tourism: From beasts of burden to animal ambassadors. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. Kline, C., Rusher, RC. (2018). Between awareness and activism: navigating the ethical terrain of eating animals. In Bryan S. R. Grimwood, Kellee Caton, Lisa Cooke (Eds.) New Moral Natures in Tourism. Routledge. Kline, C. (Ed.) (2018). Animals, Food & Tourism. Routledge/Taylor & Francis. Kline, C. (Ed.) (2018). Tourism Experiences & Animal Consumption: Contested Values, Morality, & Ethics. Routledge/Taylor & Francis. Fanimal | Mysite Back Fanimal Fanimal was founded in 2016 with the purpose of providing mentoring programs for individuals who wanted careers that helped animals. During the Covid 19 pandemic, however, we also provided public-facing programs on Zoom. These programs included: Three seasons of Animal Chat Time (24 episodes total) that focused on a specific animal per episode. Animal Chat Time was for ages 6-12, however, many adults who joined enjoyed learning about the animals as well. Junior Fanimal, a badge earning program for kids aged 10-15, this was structured around activities that encouraged advocacy, fundraising, and vocational exploration. A high school program revolving around animal-focused careers was developed, which provided a wide range of opportunities to consider different paths. US-based college internships were provided to a variety of disciplines including conservation sciences, arts and humanities, business, political sciences, and creative communications. The college internships were tailored to the students degree requirements as well as the students career or animal interests. Fanimal fellowships were offered to our international audiences and were a cohort-based program that provided support for the specific interests of each fellow. The fellows completed activities which furthered their professional skill sets, expanded their professional skills, as well as worked on a focused project of their own creation. Webinars were offered to the public on many topics including wildlife photography ethics, ​ In 2023, Fanimal transitioned to focusing more directly on animals in tourism, while still offering mentorship and guidance to young professionals with animal interests. CONSULTING | Mysite Consulting I have engaged in professional consulting since 2000. I conduct research, deliver workshops, provide keynote speeches, conduct strategic planning, and engage in capacity building. More information about these activities is below. Capacity Building Read More Speaking Read More Planning Read More Previous 1 2 Next

This is a paragraph area where you can add your own text. Just click “Edit Text” or double click here to add your own content and make changes to the font. It's a great place to tell a story about your business and let users know more about you. Description Study Abroad Information goes here International Conferences Information goes here International Research Information goes here

Back In addition to the following journal publications, below are several books I have edited or contributed to. Animal Research Journal Publications Fennell, D., Kline, C. et al. (2024). Vacant Niche. Current Issues in Tourism. Kline, C., Hoarau-Heemstra, H., & Cavaliere, C. (2022). Wildlife Equity Theory for Multispecies Tourism Justice. Journal of Travel Research. Hoarau-Heemstra, H. & Kline, C. (2022). Making kin and making sense of human-animal relations in tourism. Ecological Economics. Kline, C., & Fischer, B. (2021). Morality on holiday: inspiring ethical behaviour in animal-based tourism through nonmoral values. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-12. ​ Hoarau, H., & Kline, C. (2014). Science and industry: Sharing knowledge for innovation. Annals of Tourism Research, 46, 44-61. Books & Book Chapters Hooper, J. & Kline, C. (Eds.) (2024). Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism. CABI: Oxford. López-López, Á., Venegas, G. J. Q., & Kline, C. (Eds.). (2023). Tourism, heritage and commodification of non-human animals: a post-humanist reflection. CABI: Oxford. Kline, C. (2023). Centering Animals within Rural Tourism [invited chapter]. In H. Mair (Ed.) Handbook on Tourism and Rural Community Development. Surrey, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Kline, C. (2021). Socialising animal-based tourism [invited chapter]. In Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Doering, A., & Bigby, B. C. (Eds.). Socialising Tourism: Rethinking Tourism for Social and Ecological Justice. (pp. 195-213). Routledge. Rickly, J. M., & Kline, C. (Eds.). (2021). Exploring non-human work in tourism: From beasts of burden to animal ambassadors. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. Kline, C., Rusher, RC. (2018). Between awareness and activism: navigating the ethical terrain of eating animals. In Bryan S. R. Grimwood, Kellee Caton, Lisa Cooke (Eds.) New Moral Natures in Tourism. Routledge. Kline, C. (Ed.) (2018). Animals, Food & Tourism. Routledge/Taylor & Francis. Kline, C. (Ed.) (2018). Tourism Experiences & Animal Consumption: Contested Values, Morality, & Ethics. Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

STRIVING FOR A MULTISPECIES WORLD VIEW CV BIO ​Carol Kline is a Professor and the Director of the Hospitality and Tourism Management program at Appalachian State University. She founded the NC Tourism Extension Program in 2000 and has worked with rural communities in NC and beyond for over 20 years. Her research interests have historically focused on topics relevant to rural communities, such as foodie segmentation, craft beverages, agritourism, cultural and heritage tourism, ecotourism, & tourism entrepreneurship, however, now it solely focuses on animal ethics and animal welfare.

Back Partners Short description Wild Welfare Words Partner 2 Words

Animal Work My animal work was the result of a very productive midlife crisis. While I have always enjoyed most parts of my job, I realized that something was missing. I turned my focus toward my true love of animals. Animal Research Check here for my latest projects Animals, animals, animals! Partners Read More Media & Features Read More Fanimal Read More Volunteer Code of Conduct Read More Best Practices Read More Rare to Reckless Read More Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism Read More Animal Tourism & Sustainability Read More Speaking Read More

Back Academic Speaking ​ Below is a list of presentations I've given at academic conferences: ​ Advancing Aquatic Life through Best Tourism Practices. Southeastern Recreation Research Conference. Animals, Tourism & the Sustainable Development Goals. Instagranimal: A symposium on the animal ethics and welfare challenges in animal-based tourism. Exploring Millennials' perceptions on eating or not eating animals. Minding Animals Conference. Know your customer: sharing values for innovation in domestic animal based tourism experiences. Critical Tourism Studies VII. ​ Some conferences that I regularly attend are Critical Tourism Studies, CTS North America, Nordic Symposium for Hospitality & Tourism Research, and critical animal studies conferences sponsored by Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. I also serve on the editorial board for several premier journals.​ ​ Public Speaking ​I am available to speak on many topics in animal ethics and welfare, a sample of presentation titles are below. Please contact me to discuss these or other ideas. ​ ​ How To Be An Ethical Animal Tourist Animal Magnetism in Tourism Implementing a Local Wildlife Tourism Program The Current State of Animal Tourism Around the World